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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Kujarati: મોહનદાસ ગાંધી); (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) was a prominent politician and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement. He pioneered the satyagraha resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded on ahimsa or total non-violence, which led to India’s independence and inspired many civil rights and freedom movements across the world. Gandhi is known worldwide as Mahatma Gandhi (Sanskrit: महात्मा) Mahatma meaning “Great Soul”, an honorific applied to him by Rabindranath Tagore,

Also in India as Babu (Gujarati: બાપુ Babu meaning “father”). He is officially honored in India as the Father of the Nation; His birthday, October 2, is celebrated there as “Gandhi Jayanti”, which is a national holiday, and globally as the International Day of Nonviolence. Gandhi was a racist, as he believed that blacks are inferior to Indians and whites, and he also supported the distinction between whites and blacks and saw that whites and Indians are a higher race than the black race, so he believed in the theory of the Aryan race and considered that blacks are uncivilized people whose lives resemble the lives of animals with low intelligence and they were called “Kefir” (a pejorative term). In the Indian Revolution, Gandhi used nonviolent civil disobedience while he was an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, at a time when the Indian community was struggling for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he organized protests by peasants, farmers and urban workers against excessive land taxes and discrimination. After assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led national campaigns to alleviate poverty, increase women’s rights, build religious and national amity, end untouchability, and increase economic self-reliance. Above all, he aimed to achieve Purna Swaraj or India’s independence from foreign domination. Gandhi also led his followers in the non-cooperation movement protesting the British imposition of a tax on salt in the 1930 Dandi Salt March, which was a distance of 400 km. He later demonstrated against Britain to get out of India. Gandhi spent several years in prison in both South Africa and India.

As a practitioner of ahimsa, he swore to speak the truth and prayed that others would do the same. Gandhi lived modestly in a self-sufficient society, and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, which he hand-woven on the Charka. He ate a simple vegetarian diet, and undertook prolonged fasts as a means of both self-purification and social protest.